Propolis To Be Selected For Winter Promotion Essay Example for Free

Propolis To Be Selected For Winter Promotion Essay Introduction In coming winter, there will be a special promotion event and a brand of propolis capsules will be selected to present. The aim of this report is to describe the basic information of propolis, show the popularity of propolis and evaluate the advantages and reputation of best seller on market. Firstly the method of research is described, followed by the findings. Then conclusions are drawn and recommendations are made. Methodology Research was conducted to find out the information about propolis. Firstly, table of information about basic information of propolis and research results of evaluation of Comvita Propolis Capsules were conducted by Mr. Tim Burch. Then, websites of two exhibition were visited to get information on Popularity of propolis as a health supplement product. Findings (a) Basic information of propolis According to the table of information, propolis is produced by bee and it is used to build the hives in nature. It is 100% natural substance. Regarding the function, propolis has special power in strengthen and accelerate regeneration of cell as to speed up wound healing. It helps to whiten skin and make skin fine. Besides, boosting immune system is another unique effect of propolis. It contains some anti-allergies like asthma and nasal allergy. Therefore, it helps fight inflammation caused by viruses, bacteria and fungi and lower the chance for other complication occur. (b) Popularity of propolis as a health supplement product Propolis has a board usage as a health supplement product. From the website of MedinePlus(http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/natural/390.html) shows the following findings. There sufficient evidence to rate effectiveness for Cold sores, Genital herpes and Mouth surgery. Propolis is very popular as it has many medicinal uses today and it presents over the world. From the website of JAFRA(http://www.jafra.gr.jp/eng/propolis1.html)  shows the findings that just in Japan, there are 300 companies are selling propolis health foods and the market is still increasing. Thus, it shows that propolis is very well-received now. (c) Evaluation of Comvita Propolis Capsules Based on research results from Mr. Tim Burch about the best seller on market, Comvita Propolis Capsules. It evaluates this brand of propolis has two major advantages. High purity and flavonoid has found in Comvita Propolis Capsules, it has competitive content of purity and flavonoid than other product. One of the unique features of the product is † additives free†. Comvita Propolis Capsules is a natural product with no artificial colourings lavourings or preservatives. Other than advantages, it has a reputation for honesty and efficiency. There is more than 1000 positive reviews by users on online shopping websites. And Comvita Propolis Capsules becomes the finalist of ‘Product of the Year’ by the Women’s Weekly Health Wellbeing magazine in Australia. It is perceived that Comvita Propolis Capsules is the best seller on market. Nevertheless, the products are not very stable during winter due to the peak consuming season. Pre-order is needed for porduct s supply.

Perceptions of Dimmesdale and Chillingworth in the Scarlet Letter Essay

Chillingworth and Dimmesdale: Reflections of True Puritan Society 18th century’s perception of the Puritan Society was that Puritans were a zealous community of people that lived with strict moral standards which allowed them to live in perfect harmony. However, the truth is Puritans were overly zealous whose values created paranoia and intolerance for other views. Through the characters Dimmesdale and Chillingworth who are also falsely perceived, Hawthorne suggest they are representative of the dour living of Puritan society that is hidden by the puritan’s tranquil and utopian outlook. John Winthrop aimed to created Christian utopian society when he founded the puritan community, he failed in this goal. Even with his failure, people still thought of the society as pure and just. What he engendered instead was a community whose theology denied human being’s free will, filled with paranoia, racism, sexism and hatred of sexuality and youth. These themes are clearly represented in the Scarlet Letter. The hatred of youth is shown early on in the novel, when Hester Prynne first enters from the prison, â€Å"This woman [Hester Prynne] has brought shame upon us all, and ought to die. Is there not law for it? Truly, there is, both in the Scripture and the statue-book.†(199). The aged ugly woman who makes this statement is used by Hawthorne to serve as representative for the puritans, while Hester represents youth and sexuality. The undeserving punishment of death for the crime of adultery only further demonstrates the extremities of this so-called per fect society. While perhaps seen as God’s will that a person who commits adultery must die, it is instead the government’s way of controlling the people by fear and terror so that t... ...ore it would be released free, which he then delivered the greatest sermon yet. The puritans economic status increased as less and less free will was granted, basically proving along with Dimmesdale, as corruption increases in religious figures or people they gradually better themselves, Dimmesdale in his sermons, while the Puritans in their economic status. Through the characters Dimmesdale and Chillingworth, Hawthorne reveals the true nature of Puritan society through parallels among the three. All three’s hidden evil is masked by each of their perfect appearances. Chillingworth exhibited the Puritan’s benefit of the doubt they received because of their relation to religion, while Dimmesdale presented the fact that corruption fuels the association with religion and as corruption within someone or something increases, so does a person or people’s betterment.

Great economic Depression And Of Mice And Men Essay

In 1929, the US entered a period of Great economic Depression from it only emerged with the onset of the Second War in 1939. During this period, there was long-term unemployment, so workers needed to go to California where there was still some short-term, poorly paid contract ranch works available. They were not educated therefore they had got no right and could be sacked at any time. They travelled from ranch to ranch to get jobs. This lifestyle forced ranch workers to keep moving and got no chance of making friend and keeping contact with their families. There was also a lot of competition, which put workers under pressure about whether they were good enough. They live isolated lives and are alienated from each other because are rivals. They are struggling to survive in a hostile world. All of these factors make all the characters lonely in ‘Of Mice and Men’. Between them, there are some characters who are very lonely because they are disadvantaged, Crooks, he’s black; Candy, because he is old; Curley, because he has more security than others; and his wife, as she is the only woman on the ranch. They are the victims of the strange society. In this essay I will be investigating the reasons why these characters are lonely in more depth by looking at each character more carefully. Crooks is probably the loneliest character in the book because he is very different from other ranch workers. He is old, disabled and the only black man in the book who lives in a racism society. As a result of this, he is isolated in his own room in the barn and is not allowed to go into or stay in the bunkhouse with the other ranch workers. Therefore he has no one to talk to. Though other workers knew that he reads a lot and has more knowledge and thinks deeper, they don’t listen to his opinions. ‘ If I say something, why it’s just a nigger saying it.’ P102 Instead they take advantage of his disability this is shown when they beat him up at Christmas. The racism society gives Crooks no chance of making friend. Crooks tries to get his own back for the way the white men treat him by keeping a distance between him and the other men. But obviously he recent the fact that he isn’t want in the bunkhouse. This makes it even harder to make friends. This is revealed by his words when Lennie comes to his room. ‘I ain’t wanted in the bunkhouse, and you ain’t wanted in my room.’ But gradually he is defeated by Lennie’s innocent smile and lets his guard down. This is because in his heart he knows that coping with loneliness is no good by reading books, he needed a friend to be near him and talk to him. ‘Suppose you didn’t have nobody †¦ A guy needs somebody -to be near him†¦ a guy goes nuts if he ain’t got nobody †¦ I tell you a guy gets too lonely and he gets sick.’ ‘A guy sets alone out here at night, maybe readin’ books or thinking or stuffs like that†¦If some guy was with me, he could tell me I was sleep. An’ then it would be all right. But I just don’t know.’ This quote from the same page of the book also shows you Crooks’ feelings of loneliness. When Lennie and Candy started to talk about the dream Crooks pointed out that this dream was shared by thousand of ranch workers but none of them ever succeed in reality but just for a moment he suspends his disbelief long enough to wish to share the dream, though he was immediately reminded his position by Curley’s wife words and shut by George’s anger as he doesn’t think that any white people would treat him decently. From the facts above, we could see the reasons of why Crooks are lonely. Candy is an old and disabled character in the book. He is quite similar to Crooks and is very lonely because he is different too. He lost his hand in an accident and was only kept on by the boss out of guilt. He has no relatives, no friends and his only comfort is his old dog, which keeps him company and reminds him of the days when he was young and whole. Candy is not interested in the things the other guys talk about. For instance: ‘I ain’t interest in nothing you was saying. A guy on a ranch don’t never listen nor he don’t ast no questions.’ But when his only comfort has gone– was shot by Carlson, he is totally alone and eagerly clutches at the idea of buying a farm with George and Lennie. This is shown below when George started to talk about the dream: ‘Old candy turned slowly over. His eyes were wide open. He watched George carefully.’ The reason for this change is, Candy himself is very similar to his dog, they both old and disabled, from the shooting of his old dog, Candy knows that when he can’t work any more he will be turned away from the ranch. He will have ‘I got hurt four years ago. They’ll can me purty soon, jus’ as soon as I can’t swamp out no bunk-houses they’ll put me on the county†¦ When they can me here I wish’t somebody’d shoot me. But they won’t do nothing like that.’ At this situation, Candy needs something to look forward to, so when he heard about the dream between George and Lennie he found that this is the thing he needed. But of course this all comes to nothing. As the inevitability of the fall of the dream, Candy would certainly be disappointed. The dream ends in a miserable way. ‘You and me can get that little place, can’t we, George? You an’ me can get that little place, can’t we, George†¦ Can’t we? Before George answered, candy dropped his head and looked down at the hay, he know. Then- it’s all off? †¦ And I’ll have fifty buck more.’ Candy’s words show that he realises that the end of Lennie means the end of the dream, without Lennie George hasn’t got the heart to go on. There are so many ‘ can’t we ‘ in his speech telling us he wants George to tell him he is wrong. But the reaction of George confirms this completely. The sadness is expressed in the bitter words he uttered to the body of Curley’s wife, whom he blames for spoiling the dream or more accurately, his hope of a future. ‘ You god damn tramp†¦ You done it, didn’t you? I s’pose you’re glad†¦ you lousy tart.’ Curley is the character who is described as a ‘wretch’ by John Steinbeck. It may be argued that he must be not lonely because he is the boss’s son and had been married for two weeks, has a family and a lot of thing that other ranch workers wanted to have. But actually he is very lonely. As he has more security (he was never worried about being fired), other ranch workers don’t mix with him so he has no one to talk to. The ‘macho’ male society makes him fell that if a guy doesn’t appear to be tough and strong, others will put something on him and laugh at him. It is even worse for him that he chooses the wrong way to earn respect-by fighting and be aggressive. But other workers know that he is a coward and despise him for the tension atmosphere he creates. ‘What does he got on his shoulder?’ George ‘You god damn punk, †¦ you tries to throw a scare into Slim, an’ you couldn’t make it stick. Slim threw a scare into you. You’re yella as a frog belly. I don’t care if you’re the best welter in the country. You come for me, an’ I’ll kick your God damn head off.’ He has no friends, to overcome his loneliness, he married a pretty young woman but has blindly chosen the wrong person whom totally inappropriate for the kind of life he leads. He forbids his wife to talk to other ranch workers, as he is scared that she may have an affair with one of the other men which makes her hate him and others more despise to him. Consequently, his feelings are all channelled into aggressive behaviour in order to deal with his loneliness but this leads to his feeling lonelier because the others don’t want to be with him. Curley’s wife is another character who is lonely. She is newly married, lives in a strange place, and does not seem to fit in on the ranch as being the only woman. She and Curley do not love each other; both of them try to overcome their own loneliness by the marriage. But unfortunately, both have chose the wrong person. She hates Curley because of his aggressive: ‘I don’t like Curley, he ain’t a nice fella.’ One point that needs to be mentioned here is that she is the only character who is never given a name in the book and is only referred to as ‘ Curley’s wife’. It appears that John Steinbeck passes a message from this that she is not seen as a person at all by other characters, but an object which Curley thinks he owns. ‘You gotta husban’. You got no call foolin’ around with other guys, causing trouble.’ ‘Why’n’t you tell her to stay the hell home where she belongs?’ Her situation is just like Crooks’; no one is sensitive about her feelings. This makes her feel angry with the men especially at Curley. ‘Whatta they think I am, anyways.’ ‘Seems like they ain’t none of them care how I gotta live.’ Further more, she has been forbidden by Curley to talk to anyone but him, as he doesn’t trust her. ‘I get lonely, you can talk to people, but I can’t talk to nobody but Curley. Else he gets mad. How’d you like not to talk to anybody?’ To counter this, she keeps approaching the ranch hands with the excuse that she is looking for Curley or something she lost. ‘Think I don’t like to talk to somebody ever’ once in a while? Think I like to sit in that house alla time?’ The only result is, the men regard her as a slut. But in her eyes, that is the way she is supposed to be. ‘Candy:’†¦ I think Curley’s married†¦ a tart.’ ‘Whit:’ Well, ain’t she a looloo?’ Curley’s aggressive behaviour leads others to avoid her and this further isolated her and she approaches the ranch hands more frequently therefore Curley becomes even more jealous and aggressive. This leads to her feeling lonelier. Finally her loneliness leads to her death as she makes a serious error of trying to overcome it by playing the tease with Lennie as she is pleased that Lennie beat Curley and impressed by his size and strength, but she didn’t realise the extent and danger of Lennie’s mental disability. George and Lennie are also caught in the trap of loneliness; this is because they are different as they have a strong friendship. They travelled together and trust each other and share a dream of owning a farm whereas other ranch workers travelled alone and had no strong relationships with others and have nothing to look forward to. George’s loneliness could be reflected by the words that he uses a lot of swearing and the fact that he needs the dream to keep him going. Just as candy has his dog for company, George has Lennie (who is often described in animal-like terms). Both companions died and George and candy are left completely alone. Lennie totally relies on George and couldn’t survive without George, but on the other hand, George somehow needs Lennie to overcome his own loneliness. It is revealed by Crooks’ words with great understanding he tells us of the importance of Lennie. ‘I don’t blame the guy you travel with for keeping you outa sight.’ ‘It’s just the talking. It just being with another guy. That’s all.’ Maybe it is just talking but this is an enough reason of keeping Lennie as company for George. In conclusion it is clear that all of the characters in ‘ Of Mice and Men’ are lonely. Their loneliness is the evitable result of the society, which is made by the Great Depression. Crooks, for instance is suffered deeply from the racism society. No one is trying to make friends with him before the visit of Lennie except Slim. Candy, Curley and his wife are the victims of the macho male society. They all have dreams but none of them realise them and get nothing at the end.

Much Ado About Nothing Research Paper - 1700 Words

In the twenty-first century, stories of love being damaged by deception have become clichà ©. Tales in the current period of writing often display relationships being torn apart by lies and trickery, only to be repaired when the evil deeds are uncovered. However, this common theme appears in literature as far back as the Elizabethan Era. It is not surprising that William Shakespeare’s ideas would be recycled and modernized; he is the second most quoted source in the English language, only preceded by the bible (â€Å"William Shakespeare Timeline†). In one of his most famous plays, Much Ado About Nothing, Shakespeare conveys his idea that a person must be wary of others attempting to manipulate his life through the use of duplicity. Although†¦show more content†¦Although Claudio is just a young man, his courage surpasses his age. However, being young and gullible, he allows his naà ¯vetà © to destroy his relationship later in the play. Hero, being a fem ale in a time that women had few rights, was very compliant. She did not seem to carry the same bold atmosphere that her cousin, Beatrice, did. Instead, she mostly does what she is told to do and does not question anyone’s motives. Even when she was accused of infidelity during her wedding, Hero did not defend herself enough to make the spectators question whether Claudio could be wrong in his accusations. She also did not question the friar’s plan to fake her own death. At the end of the play, Hero willingly accepts Claudio’s second marriage proposal without requesting a further apology. Her characterization reflects the expectation of women during the time period (Harlan). She is juxtaposed to Beatrice, who is bold and rather impudent. The men in the play are ostensibly quite concerned with infidelity. When Don Pedro asked if Hero was Leonato’s daughter, he replied, â€Å"Her mother hath many times told me so.† Being the malapert charac ter that he is, Benedick remarked, â€Å"Were you in doubt, sir, that you asked her?† Leonato quickly retorted, â€Å"Signior Benedick, no, for then you were a child.† (Shakespeare II,i,100-105). While this exchange wasShow MoreRelatedEssay on Inconstancy in Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing 1099 Words   |  5 PagesInconstancy in Shakespeare’s Much Ado About Nothing The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) explains inconstancy as the recurrent and generally unexpected or impulsive change from one condition to another. It is the state or quality of being inconstant and unfaithful by virtue of being undependable or deceitful. Set in Messina, Sicily, Shakespeare’s Much Ado About Nothing is a very popular play generally viewed as one of his happiest comedies and is often performed in theatres. 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The Disaster Damaged Bhp s Reputation And Benefits

As the shareholder of Samarco, the disaster damaged BHP s reputation and benefits. BHP needs to prepare huge funds for the clean-up bill, potential fines and compensation for those injured or killed people. In stock market, BHP took a beating in trade after the disaster. BHP fell 5.7 per cent in London and grappled with the lowest iron prices in a decade. The exact cause of the burst dam is unclear because the investigation is still continuing. However, a 2013 assessment by the independent Brazilian organisation highlighted concerns about the integrity of the tailings dam and recommended against renewing the licence which was ignored by Samarco (Ricardo, 2016). people have doubted that whether other tailings dams of BHP around the world is structurally sound and raised eyebrows about how they manage the risks at other operations. The disaster raised the suspicion of dependability of tailings dams at other mines owned by BHP. Besides, this disaster reminded people of past failures inc luding the collapse of the BHP Ok Tedi tailings dam in the late of 20st century which is also considered as one of the worst environmental disaster (3). More and more people begin to criticize the operation way of BHP and lose the confidence for BHP due to their failure of diligence responsibilities. The following paragraph on this essay will discuss and analyze whether BHP’s behaviour is ethical or unethical through shareholder and stakeholder theories. The shareholder theory wasShow MoreRelatedBritish Petroleum (Bp) Case Study Essay5543 Words   |  23 PagesPetroleum if we exclude the accident in Mexican Sea has a huge respect and reputation as a stable, developing and profitable corporation. 9 3. Recommendations and implementations 11 3.1. Recommendation A: Establish a trust fund with other oil super-majors 11 3.1.1 Implementation plan for recommendation A 11 3.2. Recommendation B: promotion and PR its past achievements and awards and also continuing building positive reputation 12 3.2.1. Implementation plan for recommendation B 12 4. ConclusionRead Morepaul hoang answers72561 Words   |  291 Pagessuch cases. Since the Answer Book is 178 pages long, colleagues may find the use of ‘short keys’ useful when searching for answers. By pressing the and keys together, you will be prompted by a pop-up menu. Type in the question number or key word(s) you are seeking answers for (e.g. ‘2.8.3’ or ‘Bausch Lomb’) and press and the answers should appear right in front of you! I hope that you and your students will find the answers (and they are only suggested answers at best) useful in the teachingRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesfrom mature markets to emerging ones; new product adoption is not keeping pace with the loss of patent protection . . . specialty and niche products are playing a larger role; and regulators, payers and consumers are more carefully weighing the risk/beneï ¬ t factors of pharmaceuticals.1 This case explores some of the trends affecting the ethical (research-based) sector of the industry and invites readers to prepare their own analysis. Industry evolution As described in Box 1, the pharmaceuticalRead MoreTransforming Total Sales into Net Profits51271 Words   |  206 Pagesresource planning systems), but over the past few years, the practice slid rapidly downhill. Even worse, many of the clients complained that their tens of millions of dollars spent on consulting and technology had failed to yield any bottom-line benefits. Jordan’s job was to find new ways for the worldwide practice to deliver real bottom-line value to clients. His initial response to Eli’s premise was, â€Å"For the average company, you are talking about more than doubling profits every year! Most CEOsRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, rec ording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers

Legal History And Reason For Placement - 1543 Words

Legal History and Reason for Placement: The DeJesus/Bernadeau family has a previous history with the Department dating back to 1986. There were 51A’s filed in March 1986, December 1993, February 1994, March 1997, and three reports in July 2002. In July 2002 Abner Bernadeau, Stephanie Guzman DeJesus, and Michael Guzman DeJesus were removed from their mother’s care after an Emergency Care and protection order was filed. It was reported that two year old Stephanie was found wandering the streets of Cambridge with a rope tied around her ankle and her two year old Michael was found at home tied to his crib. The three children were returned to their mother’s care a year and seven months later. The DeJesus/Bernadeau family became†¦show more content†¦DCF Placement History: During Stephanie s first removal, from July 2002 until April 2004, she was placed, along with her siblings, in a Departmental foster home. In May 2010, Stephanie was removed from her mother s care again and placed in a Departmental foster home. Stephanie was then placed with his maternal aunt, as was her twin brother, Michael. Her aunt Maritza expressed interest in becoming the guardian of Stephanie. The Department developed concerns regarding her ability to care for Stephanie. The maternal aunt (foster parent) struggled with sending Stephanie to school on a regular basis, she did not make herself available for all home visits, missed medical appointments, and she was struggling with her own possible mental health issues and illness. She agreed with DCF that she was not able to care for the children and needed to take care of herself. In September 2012, Stephanie was placed at her current foster placement and has remained at the same placement. Current Placement: Stephanie is at an IFC foster home through Dare Family Services and has been at the same placement since 2012. The foster parent s report Stephanie is doing well and the placement is meeting all her needs. Permanent Plan Goal: On November 30, 2010 the Department held a Permanency Planning Conference (PPC) and changed Stephanie s goal to Permanency through Guardianship. The Department worked withShow MoreRelated History of Psychology Time Line Essays1308 Words   |  6 PagesTime Line The history of psychology just might be the greatest type of history to explore. From 387 B.C Plato?s Academy of Athens, where his metaphysics, epistemology, and social philosophy found expression and came to pervade Western thought. Plato was a dualist, separating the physical world from the world of true form. His assertion that reality is known through reason was not challenged until the rise of empiricism, to the Supreme Courts ruling on April 30, 1979. In Addinton v. TexasRead MoreNursing And Midwifery Board Of Australia1078 Words   |  5 Pagesindividual needs. 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Discontinuity and Stranded Assets †Free Samples to Samples

Question: Discuss about the Discontinuity and Stranded Assets. Answer: Introduction: In the particular study essay, the discussion is rightly focused on monopoly market structure. By identifying the monopolistic market structure, the study paper evaluates how and why governments of modern economies may want to regulate the price setting of a natural monopoly (Abdin, 2008). The study applies economic principles to the concept of benefits, costs, and structure of monopoly market to support the argument. Precisely, a pure monopolistic firm can be identified as the single supplier in a given market area having no competitors. The concept of natural monopoly needs to be identified so that one can recognise why monopoly market structure takes place. Evidently, due to certain barriers to entry in a specialised industry, only a single firm can meet the requirement. Thus, the company will have the advantage to set up monopoly market structure. Also, high start-up costs of business or patenting of products can create monopoly market (Jamal Sunder, 2014). In the study, the key features of a monopoly market structure have been discussed stating the advantages as well as disadvantages of such market structure. Also, revenue curves for a monopoly firm have been analysed for better understanding. Lastly, providing a case study, the paper discusses how government should regulate price setting of monopoly firm in a given market condition. Monopoly market structure is said to be achieved when a single firm prevailing in an identified industry having no competition. In terms of regulatory view, if a company has got 25 percent of the entire market share, the firm is considered to be a monopoly business (Shaffer, 2012). However, a natural monopoly occurs if an organisation has got natural advantages such as strategic location, plentiful mineral resources, and specialised regulatory requirements etc. For instance, most of the Gulf countries have got access to the abundant natural resource of crude oil. Hence, the countries have a monopoly right in the global crude oil market (Wessels, 2012). The key characteristics of the market structure have been analysed as follows: Lack of substitutes: In such market structure, the single operating firm produces goods that have no close substitutes. In some cases, uniqueness of products offers a monopoly right over a given market (Spulber, 2015). Barriers to entry: In such market structure, the monopolist market player creates significant barriers to entry for new firms trying to enter the market (Shaffer, 2012). Clearly, barriers to entry for newcomers are at extreme level as the industry is entirely controlled by the monopolist business. Market Competition: The monopolist firm has no close competitors due to uniqueness of products developed (Park, 2012). Profitability: In the meanwhile, a monopolist firm can continue to achieve supernormal profit structure in the long-run business although it can be loss making or maximising revenue as well (Liu, 2011). In case abnormal profits can be achieved in the long-term, the monopolist firm will face definite competition from other market players. Thus, abnormal profit can be erased for a monopolist firm. Control over Price: As there is no close substitute of products offered by a monopolist firm, the firm decides the price of offered products (Sadanand, 2008). Since the monopolist firm has the maximum control over pricing of product, it makes the firm a price maker in a given market. In a monopolist business, the total revenue of the firm is determined by multiplying total quantity demanded and price. The total revenue curve of a monopoly business is presented as below: It can be seen from the above diagram that the monopoly business chooses to produce a particular quantity of product at which the total revenue will be highest to maximise its profitability. Hence, the level of quantity produce is determined by the profit maximising factors in place of other market mechanism such as demand and supply of product. On the basis of the above characteristics of the natural monopoly market structure, a diagram has been presented herein below for further understanding: On the basis of the above diagram, it can be seen that monopolistic firms produces at an output level, which is much below than the socially optimal output level. Furthermore, the monopolistic firms charge a high price that is much higher than the marginal costs. Hence, an under allocation of resources can be evident in the monopolistic market structure. The monopoly firms use the strategy of raising its price and restricting output to maximise the profit. By considering the above figure, it can be seen that the firms in natural monopoly market produce at Qm output level, which is much lower than socially optimal output level (Qso) and fair return output level (Qfr) set by the government. Furthermore, the price charged by the firms in natural monopoly setup is Pm, which is also higher than the breakeven price (Pfr) and socially optimal price (Pso). According to the above explanation of the characteristics of the natural monopoly market structure, the government of modern countries have wished to regulate the price setting of monopolies so that interest of the consumers can be protected. In the underlying section, the reasons behind regulating monopolies have been discussed in details: Avoid excess price: Due to absence of government regulations, monopolist firms can set prices above the competitive equilibrium. Evidently, such price setting policies of monopolist business can reduce the consumer welfare and contribute towards allocative inefficiency in a free market (Liu, 2011). Therefore, to prevent excess prices of products, it is important for the government to regulate price setting tactics of monopolies. Protect Quality of service: Precisely, due to lack of close substitutes and competitors, a monopolist firm can produce products that can be inferior in quality. Therefore, government regulations and interventions can ensure that the monopoly business firms can meet the minimum standards to produce goods or services (Acharyya, 2015). Effectively, by doing so, government can preserve consumer interests. Monopsony power: Firm operating in a monopoly market are found to exploit the monopsony purchasing power (Samuelson Nordhaus, 2012). For instance, the supermarkets with monopoly power dominate the market and squeeze the profit margin of the farmers. The farmers have to offer their products at a price decided by the supermarkets (Sadanand, 2008). Hence, it is important for the government to regulate the powers of the monopoly firms to maintain stability in the market and protects the rights of the small sellers. Promote competition: Competition is the best solution for minimising the problems of monopoly market structure (Sadanand, 2008). In some industries, the government can encourage competition in order to minimise the monopoly power of a particular market leader to stabilise price and promote optimal utilisation of resources (Samuelson Nordhaus, 2012). Natural Monopolies: The high economies of scale make some industries natural monopolies, where the most efficient number of firm is only one (Liu, 2011). The firm in a monopoly structure uses its power to produce at a lower output level than the socially optimal level that leads to under utilisation of resources. In other words, the firms in monopoly market do not utilise all its available resources to minimise the supply of products and increase its profit margin (Liu, 2011). Hence, it is important for the government to regulate the monopoly firms to prevent them from misuse their monopoly power. On the basis of the above points, it can be seen that the government needs to control the misuse of monopoly power in order to maintain a equilibrium in the market. For instance, the excessive use of monopoly power can lead to an unstable economic condition in the economy that will exploit the income and savings of the consumers (Simshauser, 2017). Furthermore, the excessive exploitation of the monopoly power also makes it difficult for the small producers and farmers to seek growth in the market. Hence, the government of a nation can make use of different policies and economic reforms to control the abuse of monopoly power of the monopolistic firms. Firstly, the government can make use of the price capping policy to regulate the high price charged by the electricity, gas, water and several other monopoly firms. For instance, the RPI-X regulator can be implemented to limit the increase in the price of the products. According to the RPI-X regulator, the X presents the amount of price cuts the monopoly have to face on the basis of the policy (Shaffer, 2012). If the inflation rate is found to be 3 percent and the X is 1 percent, the monopoly firms will be allowed to increase the price by 3 1 = 2 percent (Simshauser, 2017). This policy acts as a price flooring policy that helps the government to control the excessive use of monopoly price charging of the firms. Secondly, the government can establish a regulation commission to examine the quality of the services and products rendered by the monopoly firms (Parkin, 2014). For example, the Australian government introduced the Office of the National Rail Safety Regulator to maintain the safety records of the Public Transport Commission and ensure that the quality of the service is maintained (Treynor, 2013). Additionally, in the gas and electricity market, the regulators can ensure that the old people are treated properly and monopolistic power does not lead to under supply of gas and electricity during the winters. Thirdly, the government must investigate the mergers that lead to monopoly power of the new firms. For instance, if the merger led to market share of more than 50 percent for a new firm, the government must put a check over such events to maintain market stability in the economy (Treynor, 2013). Furthermore, the government must investigate the abuse of monopoly power such as practiced by several large firms in order to safeguard the rights of the consumers. The State Electricity Commission of New South Wales i.e. Elcom can be identified as a state government monopoly business accountable for electricity production, transmission of electricity, and supply across New South Wales, Australia. On May 1950, the Commission was set up under the Electricity Commission Act 1950 (Roarty, 2017). The state governed Elcom took over four major electricity supply authorities to become monopoly producer and supplier of electricity throughout the target market of New South Wales, Australia. Due to the monopoly business set up, there was no competitor for Elcom and the company set the prices of electricity. To promote competition in the electricity industry, in 1990s, the Government of Australia initiated the deregulation programme of the state owned monopoly business of Elcom (Roarty, 2017). Precisely, the target of the government was to provide electricity at a cheaper price and the consumers could select electricity suppliers according to their prefere nces (Knneke, 2009). The regulation of the government of the monopoly firms helps the consumers to get better products and services at a cheaper price. Furthermore, the regulation of the government enforces the monopoly firms to focus on product innovation and improve their services by making better utilisation of resources (Parkin, 2014). However, the price flooring strategy and breaking up of a monopoly helps the government to improve the economic balance of the industry and enhance equality in the market. The regulation of the government helps the industry or economy by promoting business and providing better opportunities to the start-ups and small scale enterprises to survive and seek success in the market. By considering the above analysis, it can be seen that the monopoly firms are found to misuse their power of price making and produces at a lower output level than the socially optimal output level. Moreover, the monopoly power of the firms leads to fall in the quality of service that has become a major issue in the current business environment. Hence, to enhance the benefits for the consumers and control the misuse of monopoly power, the government needs to regulate the price setting of the natural monopoly. Additionally, the improved regulations of the government will help to maintain equilibrium price in the market and improve the economic balance of the economy. References Abdin, M. (2008). Hidden Monopoly in the Free Market.SSRN Electronic Journal. Acharyya, R. (2015). Monopoly and product quality.Economics Letters,61(2), 187-194. Colander, D. (2013).Economics(2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Jamal, K., Sunder, S. (2014). Monopoly versus Competition in Setting Accounting Standards.Abacus,50(4), 369-385. Knneke, R. (2009). Electricity networks: how natural is the monopoly?.Utilities Policy,8(2), 99-108. Liu, Q. (2011). Committing Not to Serve a Monopoly Market.SSRN Electronic Journal. Park, S. (2012). Supervisory control for dynamic monopoly.IET Control Theory Applications,6(7), 992. Parkin, M. (2014).Economics(3rd ed.). Boston, Mass. [u.a.]: Pearson. Roarty, M. (2017).Electricity Industry Restructuring: The State of Play Parliament of Australia.Aph.gov.au. Retrieved August 2017, from https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/RP9798/98rp14 Sadanand, V. (2008). Endogenously determined price-setting monopoly in an exchange economy.Journal Of Economic Theory,46(1), 172-178. Samuelson, P., Nordhaus, W. (2012).Economics(4th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. Shaffer, S. (2012). Monopoly rationing revisited.Economics Letters,9(1), 17-21. Simshauser, P. (2017). Monopoly regulation, discontinuity stranded assets.Energy Economics,66, 384-398. Spulber, D. (2015). Products Liability and Monopoly in a Contestable Market.Economica,55(219), 333. Treynor, J. (2013). How to Regulate a Monopoly.Financial Analysts Journal,59(4), 24-25. Wessels, W. (2012).Economics(2nd ed.). Hauppauge, N.Y.: Barron's Educational Series.